Process	Hot isostatic pressing - HIP
	Hot isostatic pressing is used when great uniformity is required, and where net-shape production (of also intricate and complex shapes) leads to economical advantages (e.g. metal alloys for aerospace applications, and complex ceramic parts). The process is analogous to CIP. The apparatus is a high-temperature furnace enclosed in a water-cooled autoclave capable of withstanding high pressures and providing a uniform hot-zone temperature (up to 2000 C). Pressurization gas is argon or helium. The sinter-HIP version of the process achieves improved strength and wear resistance of some ceramics or ceramic composites materials for cutting tools and other applications. Here the part is previously sintered and then HIP is applied.
Category	Mass conserving processes, Powder technology
Materials	Ceramics Metal powders Cermet
Typical products	Head cup for hip prostheses Turbine rotor
Competing processes	Cold isostatic pressing - CIP Other pressing methods
References	Modern Ceramic Engineer
Additional info	Very costly process.
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